ختان الاناث من ناحية طبية , عملية الختان متى تحتاج البنت للختان؟ ما حكم ختان الإناث في الطب؟ هل يوجد مبرر طبي لختان الاناث؟ ما هي اضرار وفوائد ختان البنات؟ ما هو ختان البنات ؟ ماذا يحدث عند ختان البنات؟ ماذا يحدث اذا لم يتم ختان البنات؟ Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C)
Sources
- Goldberg, H., Stupp, P., Okoroh, E., Besera, G., Goodman, D. and Danel, I. (2016). Female genital mutilation/cutting in the United States: Updated estimates of women and girls at risk, 2012. Public Health Reports, 131, 1–8.
- Population Reference Bureau. (2014). Female genital mutilation/cutting: data and trends (PDF, 870 KB).
- World Health Organization. (2008). Eliminating female genital mutilation. An interagency statement (PDF, 2.11 MB).
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2013). Female genital mutilation/cutting: a statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change (PDF, 22.7 MB).
- United Nations Population Fund. Frequently asked questions on female genital mutilation/cutting.
- Population Council. (2003). Female Circumcision in Indonesia (PDF, 383 KB).
- Abdulcadir, J., Margairaz, C., Boulvain, M., & Irion, O. (2011). Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting. Swiss Medical Weekly. DOI: 10.4414/smw.2011.13137.
- Innocenti Digest UNICEF. (2005). Changing a harmful social convention: female genital mutilation/cutting (PDF, 635 KB).
- Reisel, D., & Creighton, S. M. (2015). Long-term health consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) (PDF, 371 KB). Maturitas, 80, 48–51.
- Iavazzo, C., Sardi, T. A., & Gkegkes, I. D. (2013). Female genital mutilation and infections: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 287, 1137–1149.
- Andersson, S. H. A., Rymer, J., Joyce, D. W., Momoh, C., & Gayle, C. M. (2012). Sexual quality of life in women who have undergone female genital mutilation: a case-control study (PDF, 12 KB). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 119(13), 1606–1611. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12004.
- Brown, E., Carroll, J., Fogarty, C., & Holt, C. (2010). “They get a C-section…they gonna die”: Somali women’s fears of obstetrical interventions in the United States. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 21(3), 220–227. DOI: 10.1177/1043659609358780.
- Beine, K., Fullerton, J., Palinka, L., & Anders, B. (1995). Conceptions of prenatal care among Somali women in San Diego. Journal of Nurse Midwifery, 40(4), 376–381.
- Pavlish, C.L., Noor, S., & Brandt, J. (2010). Somali immigrant women and the American health care system: Discordant beliefs, divergent expectations, and silent worries. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 353–361.
- Nour, N. (2015). Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Health Providers Should Be Advocates For Change (PDF, 606 KB). Population Reference Bureau.
- Berg, R.C., & Underland, V. (2013). The obstetrics consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Obstetrics & Gynecology International, 2013.
- World Health Organization. (2006). Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries . The Lancet, 367, 1835–1841.
- U.S. Department of Justice. (2015). U.S. Government Fact Sheet on Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) (PDF, 17.5 KB).
- Population Reference Bureau. (2006). Abandoning female genital mutilation/cutting: an in-depth look at promising practices (PDF, 1.57 MB).